The importance non-verbal communication in diagnostic assessment in the traffic psychological exploration

Psychology is the study of behavioural patterns, thoughts, ideas and also human emotional and physiological reactions. It includes the study of processes of human interaction and nonverbal communication (gestures, posture, movement, facial expressions, tone of voice). Nonverbal communication (body language) is an important part of interpersonal communication. It supports and supplements communication by opening up other channels and frameworks of communicating information. Non-verbal signals can emphasise, modify or even fully negate verbal statements. Extensive study of non-verbal behavioural patterns has confirmed that these are just as defined by rules and codes as verbal communication. Body language, like speech, is subject to a system that varies from society to society and must be learned by the members of that society in order to be able to communicate with others within that group (Secord & Backman, 1964). Non-verbal signals have an important role in the structuring and control of human interactive processes (Forgas, 1985). They inform the participants of a conversation as to how their messages are received and thus allow for correction. In certain communicative situations, verbal communication is ritualised to the extent that it can no longer be used to gain an impression of the other person and their reactions. There are also situations where the communication partner wishes to verify the verbal messages with supplementary indirect (nonverbal) information. Non-verbal communication also plays a central role in the projection of a person's image because it transmits an impression of the person's personality (for example, clothing, choice of words). Human body language can be divided into two categories: structural information (for example, facial features, body build, general appearance) and kinetic information (for example, facial expressions, gestures, bodily movements, posture). Facial expressions, for example, can indicate the type of the emotion (primary emotions). Bodily movements and posture, on the other hand, indicate the intensity of emotion and can physically illustrate what is said. A further form of non- or paraverbal communication is the tone of voice and also the manner of speaking.